Whether you’re a vegan ultra runner, vegan marathon runner, or someone looking to add more vegan foods into your diet, this post will review some key ways to meet your nutrition needs and recover faster as a vegan ultramarathoner.

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Having a practiced and well-tolerated ultramarathon nutrition plan is very important. As you know, nothing new on race day! But what you eat around race day matters too.

A vegan runner diet is something that seems to be gaining in popularity, due to an increased interest in eating less animal foods, learning the benefits of eating more plants foods, environmental awareness, or a combination of the above.

What is a Vegan Diet?

A vegan diet/lifestyle is one that is focused on not consuming or using animal products of any kind. Often, it is a lifestyle choice that people are quite passionate about.

For someone who is simply trying to eat less meat or animal products, a plant-based diet is often the term used, though to some people, “plant-based” may entail eating eggs and possibly seafood.

Therefore, a vegan triathlete or vegan runner would be someone who excludes animal products completely.

A plant based runner, on the other hand, may or may not include eggs in their diet, as well as honey products in fueling.

What Do Vegan Runners Eat?

A vegan runner diet will revolve on many staples, such as:

• fruits and vegetables
• beans
• legumes
• grains and pasta (more on pasta for runners here)
• nuts and seeds
• tofu
• tempeh
• avocado
• non-dairy milk, yogurt and cheese products
• oils
• herbs, spices

It can be more difficult to eat out on a vegan diet so many plant based athletes may cook their own food. Here are some of our favorite recipes that fall within the vegan diet for runners. 

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What Foods Are Eliminated on a Vegan Diet?

Any food product that comes from an animal source is not allowed on a strict vegan diet, including meat, fish, eggs, dairy, honey, gelatin, whey-based protein powder, etc.

Those following a vegan diet usually have to be extra vigilant when reading nutrition labels to avoid any forms of or derivatives of animal products.

How Vegan Ultra Runners Can Meet Energy Needs

While looking at the list of foods avoided, it may seem that a lot is taken out from a vegan or vegetarian runner’s meal plan.

However, with careful planning, needs can be met.

• Ensure Adequate Total Calories – The main thing to be aware when following a diet that restricts certain foods or food groups is to ensure you are eating enough. Eating tnough total calories is necessary to fuel your body, especially if you are an athlete.
• Limit Excessive Fiber – Many vegan foods (fruits, vegetables, beans, lentils) are high in fiber and can cause you to feel full even if you didn’t take in enough calories. Therefore, making sure to moderate fiber intake or pair it with calorically-dense foods is important.
• Include Healthy Fats – Including nutrient and energy-dense foods, such as fats (nuts, seeds, nut butters, avocado, oils, etc.) are important for contributing to total energy (calorie) needs.
• Eat Smaller Meals More Frequently – You may also need to eat smaller meals/snacks more frequently, such as every few hours (3 meals plus 2-3 snacks), rather than trying to eat large portions a couple of times a day.
• Focus On Recovery Nutrition – In addition to your long run fueling strategy, you’ll also want to pay attention to post-workout recovery nutrition. Aim for 20-40g protein + 40-50g or more of carbohydrates for adequate recovery, as well as including pre-workout snacks and fueling during (longer) workouts. Check out this post on a half marathon recovery plan.

Long Run Fueling For a Vegan Runner Diet

Most of the fueling products for runners are already vegan, so there aren’t many dietary changes that need to be made.

Choosing mostly carbohydrate-based choices will help ultra runners avoid hitting the wall.

The main thing to look for regarding fueling products such as gels or energy chews for running is whether or not they contain honey or gelatin.

Depending on how strict of a vegan diet you follow, you may want to choose fueling products that do not contain honey or gelatin.

Fortunately, most fueling products do not contain dairy or other animal ingredients.

Some vegan-friendly fueling products include:

• Spring energy gels
• Huma gels
• Gu energy gels
• Nuun endurance
• Tailwind Nutrition

How to Fuel an Ultramarathon with a Vegan Diet

When fueling for an ultramarathon, such as a 50k, again it’s important to choose foods that aren’t too filling.

Some ideas from these real foods for ultra running may apply. 

When practicing trail running nutrition or any long distance, you don’t want your diet to be too high in fiber-rich foods that don’t provide enough energy for that distance.

Too much fiber may also be uncomfortable when running.

Let’s take a look at what ultra running fuel may look like before and during a 50k on a vegan diet.

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What To Eat Before a 50k

General recommendations for what to eat before a long run include foods high in carbohydrates, moderate in protein, and low in fat or fiber.

This might look like a bagel with peanut butter, a vegan dairy alternative beverage such as some Ripple plant-based milk, and a banana.

Depending on how far in advance you consume the pre-race meal, you may want to add in a pre-race snack about 15-30 minutes beforehand, such as an applesauce packet or an energy gel.

You will also want to include ample carbohydrates in days leading up to the race.

This post covers more about carb loading for running, and we also have some examples for the best carb loading meals. 

Eating a proper meal the night before your 50k is very important. Here are some suggestions for what to eat the night before a long run. 

Eating During a 50k

General recommendations for fueling during endurance activity are to consume 30-60g carbohydrates per hour after the first hour.

For ultra-distance runs, this recommendation can go up to 90g of carbohydrates per hour.

Low carb ultra running may work for some people and instances, but for these purposes, let’s use an example with these recommendations.

A 50k race is a little over 31 miles. Let’s say this takes an intermediate runner 5.5 hours to complete. That is an average pace of 10:37 per mile.

Breakdown of fueling during the race, aiming for 60-90 grams of carbohydrates/hour.

• Begin fueling early at approximately 45-60 minutes into the race
• You may want to consider more solid fueling options earlier in the race and then transition to more gels and liquids as the race goes on
• You may also want to play around with caffeine by starting with no/low caffeine at the beginning; more later (depending on tolerance and regular use).
• Check with your specific race ahead of time to see what, if anything, they provide from a fueling standpoint on the course. Begin to practice using these items on your training runs if you plan to use them on race day. Always bring along your own fuel in case something happens and the provided fuel sources are not available.
• 1^st hour: Little to no fuel necessary – maybe ½ PBJ (~23g) or a mini Clif bar (18g) approx. 45-60 minutes into the run
• 2^nd hour: 30-90g carbs – 1 Spring energy gel (45g*) taken slowly over ~30 minutes or more + 10 Rold Gold tiny twists pretzels (13g)
• 3^rd hour: 30-90g carbs – 1 scoop Tailwind Nutrition (25g) + 1 medium banana (27g)
• 4^th hour: 30-90g carbs – 5 Saltine crackers (12g) + 1 medium orange (21g) + 1 Huma gels PLUS (21g)
• 5^th hour: 30-90g carbs – 1 scoop Tailwind Nutrition (25g) + 1-2 Gu energy gels (23-46g)
• Last half hour: fuel dependent on how you’re feeling!

*Note that different flavors/types of gels have different amounts of carbs.

Other Vegan Fueling Options

• Sports drinks
• Applesauce
• Oatmeal bites (no bake vegan protein bites and carrot cake energy bites)
• Cookies
• Coke
• Ginger Ale
• Ginger candies
• Chips
• Trail Mix or Trail Mix Bars

Considerations for Vegan Athletes (supplements, protein, etc.)

Supplements, such as protein powders, shakes, or bars can also be used to supplement your typical food intake and make sure you are getting adequate energy throughout the day.

Garden of Life is one NSF Certified for Sport brand that makes vegan-friendly supplements including protein powders, protein bars, and protein shakes.

Iron

Iron for runners is an important topic, as iron deficiency in athletes is common. Therefore, iron is a nutrient of concern for runners, females, and vegetarians or vegans.

If you are a combination of these, iron is of utmost importance.

This post explains all about the female athlete diet and what to focus on.

There are two major forms of iron found in food.

The first is heme iron, which is only found in animal products. The other is non-heme iron, which is found in both plant foods and animal products.

Due to the lower bioavailability of iron from plant foods, recommended iron intakes for vegetarians or vegans are 1.8 times higher than for meat eaters (32 mg/day vs. 18 mg/day) for premenopausal adult women and 14 mg/day vs. 8 mg/day for adult men and postmenopausal women).

Too much iron, especially from supplements, can be harmful, so you should always consult with a health practitioner before supplementation.

The upper limit for iron from all sources (food and supplements, combined) is 45mg per day for adults.

Calcium

Calcium is necessary for building and maintaining bone health – more on calcium for runners and how it helps with not only bone health, but glycogen metabolism as well.

Plant-based sources of calcium include leafy greens such as turnip greens and kale, soymilk and tofu, white beans, almonds, and figs (with varying degrees of absorption rate).

Consuming a supplement of both vitamin D and calcium has been shown to be protective against bone fractures in vegans.

Calcium absorption is best when a person consumes no more than 500 mg at one time. So a person who takes 1,000 mg/day of calcium from supplements should split the dose rather than take it all at once.

Calcium and iron supplements should not be taken together as they can compete for absorption.

A great (and surprising!) source of calcium, iron, magnesium and other micronutrients are chia seeds. Chia seeds for runners are a fabulous vegetarian and vegan option. 

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin (meaning we cannot make it within our bodies) and only comes from animal food products and fortified food and drink products.

Those following a vegan diet should take a B12 supplement such as Thorne’s B-complex #12.

Some B12 supplements contain much higher than recommended amounts, such as 500 mcg or 1,000 mcg, but your body absorbs only a small percentage of it so they are generally considered safe. Vitamin B12 has not been shown to cause any harm, even at high doses.

Omega 3

Omega 3s are essential fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. There are different types of Omega 3s, some of which come from plant foods such as nuts and seeds and others come from animal foods such as fatty fish.

There is no recommended daily amount for Omega 3s but there are vegan friendly supplements (algae oil) widely available.

Otherwise, a balanced diet with attention to micronutrients, like potassium, sodium and magnesium is also important. See more about magnesium for runners.

Other

Supplements, such as beta alanine before running, and creatine, may also be helpful for those following a vegan diet, as the main food sources of these amino acids are animal sources.

Sample Meal Plan For Vegan Ultramarathoner Runner

This is an example ~2100 calorie day for a 23-year-old vegan female runner.

For other ideas on timing and (non vegan) meals, see a sample long distance runners plan.

Breakfast Protein Carb Fruit Fat	1 scoop plant-based protein powder ½ cup oats ½ banana + 1 cup berries 2 Tbsp. flaxseed + 2 Tbsp. chia seeds
Snack Protein Fruit	1 Ripple vegan protein shake 1 apple
Lunch Veggie Protein Carb Fat	1+ cups raw veggies ½ cup beans + ¼ cup tofu ½ cup sweet potato ½ avocado + 1 oz. vegan cheese
Snack Carb Fat	1 PB&J sandwich
Dinner Veggie Protein Carb Fat	½ cup cooked veggies 1 cup edamame 1/3 cup brown rice 4 tsp. pesto
Snack (Optional) Protein	1 cup vegan yogurt

Ripple is one of the best recovery drinks for runners that is plant-based, so stick to that!

Let us know if you follow a vegan ultra runner diet and found this post helpful!

Want your running nutrition questions answered?
Fill out this form to be matched with one of our sports dietitians.

Other Posts You May Like

• Intermittent Fasting for Endurance Athletes
• 30 Minute Vegan Meals for Runners
• The Best Supplements for Runners
• BCAAs vs Creatine

References:

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-Consumer/

Guest, Nanci. (2019). Plant-Based and Vegan Diets in Exercise and Sport. The Nutrition X-Change. 10(1-17).